Water balance is a research area within hydrology that focuses on the distribution and movement of water within the Earth's hydrological cycle. It involves studying various components such as precipitation, evaporation, runoff, infiltration, and groundwater recharge to understand how water is stored and transferred within different ecosystems. Researchers in this field aim to create models and tools to accurately predict water availability, manage water resources, and assess the impact of human activities on the water balance of a region. Additionally, understanding the water balance is crucial for sustainable water management practices and adapting to climate change.